Thematic maps are usually considered as choropleth and symbol maps. They are good for representing certain data within a large space that has many areas (a continent with their countries, a country with their states, a state with its counties, a county with their cities, a city with their neighborhoods, etc). The type of data it may represent can be limitless to anything from numerical values, qualitative, categorial, etc. Some examples are like populations and election results. Thematic maps help with accurately visualizing certain topics in a certain area that belongs to a bigger area. Kind of like a big picture where you go into more depth in the finer detailed things within that.
Presidential Electoral Votes
Population of US State Capitols
Scatterplot are dots that are visualizing it like clouds that represents two metric variables. Its a mathematical diagram that would overlap each other dots but there are solutions out there to bypass this problem such as the jittered scatterplot (adding random values to each pair when a duplicate occur) and sunflower (applying a short stroke to each dot when spotting a duplicate) technique.
Age VS Size
Exercise per hour VS Machine owned per month
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